It is available over the counter OTC at pharmacies, usually as a lotion or foam. It is reported to work best on the crown of the head. Minoxidil was originally tested to treat blood pressure , but some people noticed additional hair growth as a side effect while using it. It is unclear exactly how it helps prevent hair loss.
It may take 3 to 6 months for results to appear, and the medication must be used indefinitely to preserve effects. Adverse effects include skin problems, such as itching and irritation, hives , swelling, sensitivity, and contact dermatitis. More rarely, the user may experience blurred vision, chest pain, a fast or irregular heartbeat, flushing, headache , lightheadedness, and numbness or tingling in the face or the extremities.
Rapid weight gain may result. Finasteride is a 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor. It prevents dihydrotestosterone DHT , a male hormone that plays a role in shrinking the scalp hair follicles.
The drug blocks the formation of this hormone in the scalp, slowing the progression of baldness related to DHT. The effects can take more than 6 months to appear. The 1 milligram mg tablet must usually be taken once a day for at least 3 months. In rare cases, finasteride can cause sexual dysfunction. This may include reduced libido, difficulty achieving an erection, and ejaculation disorders.
Two other treatments are available for male pattern baldness, both without prescription, in the form of shampoo:. Hairs in the lower part of the back of the scalp are more resistant to androgens, and so they are used in surgical transplants.
The hair donated to balding areas remains resistant to the male hormones. In a study published in , scientists managed to grown new hair follicles in a lab, which produced some hairs when transplanted onto a mouse. This is the only procedure so far that has grown new hairs. This could one day lead to procedures that would enable new hair growth in men with male pattern baldness. Laser and light therapies are popular, but they have not been shown to slow or prevent male pattern baldness, and the FDA has not approved them for efficacy.
No use of vitamins or supplements has been confirmed safe or effective by the FDA. Eventually, the growth cycle for each hair ends and no new hair grows in its place. Inherited male pattern baldness usually has no side effects. However, sometimes baldness has more serious causes, such as certain cancers , medications, thyroid conditions , and anabolic steroids. Doctors use the pattern of hair loss to diagnose male pattern baldness.
They may perform a medical history and exam to rule out certain health conditions as the cause, such as fungal conditions of the scalp or nutritional disorders. Health conditions may be a cause of baldness when a rash, redness, pain, peeling of the scalp, hair breakage, patchy hair loss, or an unusual pattern of hair loss accompanies the hair loss.
A skin biopsy and blood tests also may be necessary to diagnose disorders responsible for the hair loss. Male pattern baldness can begin in your teenage years, but it more commonly occurs in adult men, with the likelihood increasing with age. Genetics plays a big role. Men who have close relatives with male pattern baldness are at a higher risk. This is particularly true when their relatives are on the maternal side of the family. If your hair loss begins at the temples or the crown of the head, you may have male pattern baldness.
Some men will get a single bald spot. In some men, the hairline will continue to recede until all or most of the hair is gone. However, treatments are available for men who are unhappy with the way they look and would like the appearance of a fuller head of hair. Men with limited hair loss can sometimes hide hair loss with the right haircut or hairstyle.
Ask your hairstylist for a creative cut that will make thinning hair look fuller. Wigs can cover thinning hair, receding hairlines, and complete baldness. They come in a variety of styles, colors, and textures. For a natural look, choose wig colors, styles, and textures that look similar to your original hair. Professional wig stylists can help style and fit wigs for an even more natural look. Hair weaves are wigs that are sewn into your natural hair. You must have enough hair to sew the weave into.
The advantage to weaves is they always stay on, even during activities such as swimming, showering, and sleeping. The disadvantages are they must be sewn again whenever new hair growth occurs, and the sewing process can damage your natural hair.
Minoxidil Rogaine is a topical medication applied to the scalp. Also talk to your doctor if you notice sudden or patchy hair loss or more than usual hair loss when combing or washing your or your child's hair.
Sudden hair loss can signal an underlying medical condition that requires treatment. People typically lose 50 to hairs a day. This usually isn't noticeable because new hair is growing in at the same time. Hair loss occurs when new hair doesn't replace the hair that has fallen out. Most baldness is caused by genetics male-pattern baldness and female-pattern baldness.
This type of hair loss is not preventable. Hair loss care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Hair loss alopecia can affect just your scalp or your entire body, and it can be temporary or permanent.
Male-pattern baldness Open pop-up dialog box Close. Male-pattern baldness Male-pattern baldness typically appears first at the hairline or top of the head. Female-pattern baldness Open pop-up dialog box Close. Female-pattern baldness Female-pattern baldness typically starts with scalp hairs becoming progressively less dense.
Patchy hair loss alopecia areata Open pop-up dialog box Close. Patchy hair loss alopecia areata In the type of patchy hair loss known as alopecia areata, hair loss occurs suddenly and usually starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap. Traction alopecia Open pop-up dialog box Close. Traction alopecia Hair loss can occur if you wear pigtails, braids or cornrows, or use tight hair rollers. Frontal fibrosing alopecia Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia Early treatment of a receding hairline frontal fibrosing alopecia might help avoid significant permanent baldness. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert. Mayo Clinic; Malki L, et al.
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