In the case of fungal infection, the doctor will prescribe antifungal medication, such as Fluconazole or Miconazole, according to the fungus identified. If parasites are what caused the infection, the most common protozoan involved is Trichomonas sp. Problems in the kidneys such as nephritis or kidney stones can also lead to leukocytes appearing in the urine.
In addition, there may also be crystals in the urine or, sometimes, red blood cells. Both nephritis and kidney stones may also present some characteristic symptoms such as back pain, difficulty peeing and decrease in the quantity of urine. That way the doctor may be able to identify the reason for the increase in leukocytes in urine and start the adequate treatment.
In relation to lab tests, a urine test will evidence a high quantity of leukocytes and a CBC will also help with diagnosis. What to do : in order for the amount of leukocytes in the urine to decrease, the treatment for lupus will need to be done under doctor supervision. Usually a doctor will prescribe medication according to the symptoms presented by the patient, such as anti-inflammatory medication, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs.
Some types of medication, such as antibiotics, aspirin, corticosteroids, and diuretics can lead to the appearance of leukocytes in the urine. Before giving a urine sample, ask a medical professional to counsel you on how to prevent contamination. Several analytical elements of the complete urinalysis are explained below. In this portion of the analysis, the color, clarity, and concentration of the urine are evaluated. Abnormal colors can result from disease, certain foods, or contamination, so the physical examination is generally viewed as a crude assessment.
Light or dark coloration also suggests how much water is being excreted. The clarity of urine is measured as either clear, slightly clear, cloudy, or turbid. Urine clarity, like urine color, suggests that substances may be present in the urine; for example, turbid urine suggests the presence of protein or excess cellular material.
However, accurate conclusions regarding the origin of the urine clarity cannot be drawn until further chemical and microscopic tests are performed. The physical examination also includes specific gravity, which measures the concentration of the urine sample. Specific gravity compares the concentration of urine to that of water 1.
Usually it is better for the urine given in a sample to be more concentrated; this allows the laboratory to more accurately detect substances being excreted by your body. If your urine is very dilute i. The chemical examination measures several features of the urine. Either the laboratory technician or an automated instrument will then read the reaction color for each test pad to determine the result for each test.
The use of automated instruments helps to eliminate discrepancies that arise with human interpretation. The microscopic examination uses a microscope to identify and count cells, crystals, bacteria, mucous, and other substances that may be present in the urine. All information contained within the Johns Hopkins Lupus Center website is intended for educational purposes only. Physicians and other health care professionals are encouraged to consult other sources and confirm the information contained within this site.
Consumers should never disregard medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something they may have read on this website. Chemical Analysis The chemical examination measures several features of the urine. The kidneys regulate this acid-base chemistry by reabsorbing sodium and secreting hydrogen and ammonium ions. When the body retains excess sodium or acid, urine becomes more acidic i. Highly acidic urine can occur with uncontrolled diabetes, diarrhea, starvation, dehydration, and certain respiratory diseases.
This can occur with urinary tract infections and certain kidney and lung conditions. Certain foods can also alter the pH of your urine. For example, eating excessive protein or cranberries can make your urine more acidic, whereas eating a low-carbohydrate or vegetarian diet can make your urine more basic. Sometimes people are asked by their doctors to regulate the pH of their urine through diet in order to manage certain diseases or medications.
For example, kidney stones can occur if urine pH is too high or too low. Protein : Excessive protein in the urine proteinuria is a sign of kidney involvement in lupus. Complete Polysomnography Sleep Study. Complete profile. Copper plasma. Coronary Heart Disease. Creatinine and eGFR. Creatinine Urine. Cystine Crystals.
D D-dimers. D2 Dermatophagoides farinae. Density routine urine test. Direct Bilirubin. Direct Coombs. E ECG. Egg White. Egg Yolk. Eggs and Parasites 1st, 2nd or 3rd specimen. Electroencephalogram EEG. Erythrocytes routine urine test. Factor VIII. Fat Bodies routine urine test. Fecal Calprotectin. Fecal Immunochemical Test. Femoral-Patellar Syndrome. Flu influenza. Folic acid and erythrocyte folates. Free Kappa and Lambda. Free T3. Free T4.
Free Testosterone. G G6PD Quantitative. Gamma globulins. Glucose routine urine test. Granular Casts. Grass Mix 1. Growth Hormone. Gynecological Cytology. H Hallux valgus. HDL Cholesterol. Heel spur. Helicobacter pylori Breath Test. Helicobacter pylori Serology. Hemochromatosis Genotype. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.
Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C IgG. Herniated disc. Hiatal hernia. HLA B Hot zone. Howell-Jolly Body. HS Troponin T. Hyaline Casts. I Icterus. IGF 1. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome. Immunity and herd immunity. Inhibin B. Insomnia acute or chronic. Ionized Calcium. Iron profile. Irritable bowel syndrome. K Karyotype. Ketones routine urine test.
Kidney Cells. Kidney Disease nephropathy. L Lactiferous ducts. Lateral epicondylitis. LDL Cholesterol. Leflunomide Metabolite. Leukocytes esterase. Leukocytes routine urine test. Liver profile. Lumbar Facet Syndrome.
Lumbar osteoarthritis. Lumbar sprain. Lying Aldosterone. Lying Renin. Lyme Disease. Lymphogranuloma venereum. M Macadamia Nuts. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. Mean Corpuscular Volume. Mean Platelet Volume. Medial epicondylitis.
Meniscal lesion. Microbiological stool analysis by PCR. Mixed Casts. Molluscum contagiosum.
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